In June, Fortune reported that buyers circling Harvard's and Yale's private equity fire sales were using a technique cal
In June, Fortune reported that buyers circling Harvard's and Yale's private equity fire sales were using a technique called NAV squeezing to extract discounts that, in the words of one secondary market specialist, "make your brain melt." The detail that should concern anyone who cares about American higher education is not the technique. It is that two of the richest universities in human history are on the selling side of a trade they spent four decades perfecting. Harvard Management Company is working with Jefferies to sell approximately one billion dollars in private equity fund stakes, its third major secondary sale in under a decade. Private equity now accounts for nearly 40 percent of Harvard's 53 billion dollar endowment, a share that has been growing every year not because Harvard keeps buying but because the funds have stopped returning capital. The distributions that are supposed to flow from completed deals have slowed to a trickle. IPO markets remain sluggish. The backlog of unsold companies acquired a decade ago sits in fund portfolios like inventory that cannot move. Yale's situation is more dramatic. The university that invented the modern endowment model, the one David Swensen built by shifting from stocks and bonds into venture capital and leveraged buyouts, is offloading billions of dollars in private equity and venture capital holdings in what insiders have dubbed Project Gatsby. The first tranche alone is close to 2.5 billion dollars, with the total scope potentially reaching six billion. It is reportedly the first time Yale has sold private assets from its endowment. The transaction, managed by Evercore, is expected to close at a discount of under ten percent to net asset value. That sounds modest until you do the arithmetic on six billion dollars. Adams Street Partners, a secondary market buyer, noted that in more than four decades of investing in private equity secondaries, the only prior time they had seen this kind of liquidity pressure on endowments was during the global financial crisis. The liquidity crunch alone would be a manageable problem for institutions this wealthy. What makes it structural is everything else happening at the same time. The One Big Beautiful Bill, signed into law last July, raised the excise tax on the largest university endowments from 1.4 percent to eight percent for institutions holding more than two million dollars per student. Harvard faces an estimated 200 million dollars or more in annual endowment taxes. Yale owes roughly 280 million. Both universities have already cited the tax as grounds for hiring freezes. Stanford laid off 363 employees and cut 140 million from its operating budget. Meanwhile, Harvard is lining up 750 million dollars in taxable bonds. Brown tapped a 300 million dollar term loan. Princeton is weighing a 320 million dollar bond sale. These are institutions whose combined endowments exceed 180 billion dollars, and they are borrowing money. We wrote about credit downgrades and negative sector outlooks from all three major rating agencies three weeks ago. We wrote about how a handful of endowments turned early venture bets into billion dollar stakes in SpaceX the day before that. The picture that emerges when you put those pieces together with the current fire sales is not reassuring. The endowment model was built on a simple insight: patient capital that does not need liquidity can earn a premium by locking up money where others will not. For decades, it worked spectacularly. But the model assumed that distributions would eventually come, that taxes would remain negligible, that federal funding would keep covering operating costs, and that no political actor would ever treat the endowment itself as a target. Every one of those assumptions is now wrong at the same time. The universities that taught the world how to invest are discovering what their own finance professors have always known: liquidity is not a problem until it is the only problem.
